Contents 1 A typical microcontroller 1.1 The programming model 1.2 Memory 1.2.1 ROM 1.2.2 PROM 1.2.3 EPROM 1.2.4 EEPROM 1.2.5 Flash EEPROM 1.2.6 RAM 1.3 Central Processor Unit (CPU) 1.4 The I/O interface 1.5 The address, data, and control buses 2 Microprocessors vs microcontrollers 2.1 Hardware architecture 2.2 Applications 2.3 Instruction set features 3 MicroBlaze architecture 3.1 Data types and endianness 3.2 Registers (general-purpose and special-purpose) 3.3 Pipeline architecture 3.4 Memory architecture 3.5 Instruction cache 3.6 Data cache 3.7 Floating Point Unit 3.8 Fast Simplex Link 4 MicroBlaze instruction set architecture 4.1 Instruction set summary 4.2 Instruction and operand syntax 4.3 Instructions 4.3.1 Load/store instructions 4.3.2 Arithmetic instructions 4.3.3 Logical instructions (including barrel shifts) 4.3.4 Comparisons and conditional branches 4.3.5 Unconditional branches, subroutines/exceptions, and returns 4.3.6 All other MicroBlaze instructions 5 Assembly language and C programming for the MicroBlaze 5.1 Using MicroBlaze tools for assembly and linking 5.2 Elements of a program: header, assembler directives, and conventions 5.3 Steps for writing an assembler program 5.4 Assembly source file, listing file, object file, and executable (elf) file 5.5 MicroBlaze C compiler 5.6 Downloading machine code into MicroBlaze memory 5.7 System stack and subroutines 5.8 Debugging techniques 5.9 Assembly program examples 5.10 C program examples 6 Overview of MicroBlaze peripherals 6.1 On-chip memory 6.2 DDR SDRAM 6.3 OPB GPIO peripherals: LEDs, switches, LCD, ADC start, and SPI interface 6.4 Interrupt controller 6.5 Debug module 6.6 10/100 Ethernet MAC 6.7 VGA video interface 6.8 Programmable Timer/Counter 6.9 DMA controller 6.10 Bus Masters, Slaves, and OPB Bus Arbitration 7 OPB Timer/Counter 7.1 Generate mode 7.2 Capture mode 7.3 PWM mode 8 Interrupts 8.1 Reset, Interrupts, Exceptions and Break 8.2 OPB interrupt controller 8.3 Interrupts with OPB GPIO 9 Serial data link protocols 9.1 SPI Protocol 9.2 I2C Protocol 9.3 RS-232 Protocol 9.4 USB Protocol 9.5 Firewire Protocol 9.6 CAN Bus Protocol 9.7 Source-Synchronous and Self-Synchronous protocols 10 Analog converter subsystem 10.1 Concepts and terminology 10.2 Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters 10.3 A/D input synchronization 10.4 A/D interrupts 10.5 A/D programming 10.6 Example of A/D programs 11 Appendix A: List of microcontrollers and microprocessors that are widely used today 12 Appendix B: Glossary

A typical microcontroller

The programming model

Memory

ROM

PROM

EPROM

EEPROM

Flash EEPROM

RAM

Central Processor Unit (CPU)

The I/O interface

The address, data, and control buses

Microprocessors vs microcontrollers

Hardware architecture

Applications

Instruction set features

MicroBlaze architecture

Data types and endianness

Registers (general-purpose and special-purpose)

Pipeline architecture

Memory architecture

Instruction cache

Data cache

Floating Point Unit

Fast Simplex Link

MicroBlaze instruction set architecture

Instruction set summary

Instruction and operand syntax

Instructions

Load/store instructions

Arithmetic instructions

Logical instructions (including barrel shifts)

Comparisons and conditional branches

Unconditional branches, subroutines/exceptions, and returns

All other MicroBlaze instructions

Assembly language and C programming for the MicroBlaze

Using MicroBlaze tools for assembly and linking

Elements of a program: header, assembler directives, and conventions

Steps for writing an assembler program

Assembly source file, listing file, object file, and executable (elf) file

MicroBlaze C compiler

Downloading machine code into MicroBlaze memory

System stack and subroutines

Debugging techniques

Assembly program examples

C program examples

Overview of MicroBlaze peripherals

On-chip memory

DDR SDRAM

OPB GPIO peripherals: LEDs, switches, LCD, ADC start, and SPI interface

Interrupt controller

Debug module

10/100 Ethernet MAC

VGA video interface

Programmable Timer/Counter

DMA controller

Bus Masters, Slaves, and OPB Bus Arbitration

OPB Timer/Counter

Generate mode

Capture mode

PWM mode

Interrupts

Reset, Interrupts, Exceptions and Break

OPB interrupt controller

Interrupts with OPB GPIO

Serial data link protocols

SPI Protocol

I2C Protocol

RS-232 Protocol

USB Protocol

Firewire Protocol

CAN Bus Protocol

Source-Synchronous and Self-Synchronous protocols

Analog converter subsystem

Concepts and terminology

Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters

A/D input synchronization

A/D interrupts

A/D programming

Example of A/D programs

Appendix A: List of microcontrollers and microprocessors that are widely used today

Appendix B: Glossary