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-<fs x-large>**NSF/ECCS-2128594: Collaborative Research: SWIFT: Intelligent Dynamic Spectrum Access (IDEA): An Efficient Learning Approach to Enhancing Spectrum Utilization and Coexistence**</fs>
+<fs large>**NSF/ECCS-2128594: Collaborative Research: SWIFT: Intelligent Dynamic Spectrum Access (IDEA): An Efficient Learning Approach to Enhancing Spectrum Utilization and Coexistence**</fs>
 \\
 ----
-==== Personnel ====
+===== Personnel =====
   * Principal Investigator in the Leading Institution: Lingjia Liu (ECE at VT)
   * Co-Principal Investigator in the Leading Institution: [[https://www.yangyi.ece.vt.edu/index.html|Yang Yi]] (ECE at VT)
   * Principal Investigator in the Collaborative Institution: [[https://people-ece.vse.gmu.edu/~ztian1/|Zhi Tian]] (ECE at George Mason University)
-  * Co-Principal Investigator in the Collaborative Institution: [[http://mason.gmu.edu/~ywang56/index.html|Yue Wang]]
+  * Graduate Student in Virginia Tech: Nima Mohammadi and Honghao Zheng
-==== Abstract ====
+===== Abstract =====
+###
-During the last two decades, the use of Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum has increased tremendously due to the ever growing demand for wireless connectivity. The existing network technologies that support the current wireless data demand are expected to increase their capacity significantly in the next decade, calling for spectrum and energy efficient communication strategies. There are two popular approaches to efficiently utilize the RF spectrum: One is the cognitive radio networks which allow mobile users to share the spectrum that has been primarily allocated to other services such as television broadcasting, global position system (GPS), radar, weather forecasting, etc., provided that the mobile users impose limited interference to existing services. Another approach is to enhance the mobile broadband networks via expanded bandwidth, massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, and densified heterogeneous networks (HetNets). However, both approaches have limitations and have different impacts on spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. In addition, current hardware platforms exhibit formidable challenges in supporting high computational complexity and low power consumption. This project introduces a novel network architecture and its application-specific hardware optimization using neuromorphic computing devices. The new wireless network architecture allows mobile users to perform spatio-temporal spectrum sensing and actively search for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) opportunities to enable short-range and local communications. Meanwhile, neuromorphic computing devices that mimic bio-neurological processes will be designed to tackle the high computational complexity of the new dynamic spectrum access approach with extremely low power consumption. In this way, we will be able to enable our nation's next-generation wireless communications and networking that are intelligent, spectrum-efficient, and energy-efficient in a dynamic spectrum environment. The developed concepts and technologies will also help achieve National Broadband Plan which targets at significant improvements in the efficiency of RF spectrum utilization. The project has an extensive education and outreach plan which includes designing new course components on energy-efficient communications, analog neuron circuits, and computational intelligence for wireless networks, joint training of graduate and undergraduate researchers between the two collaborative institutions, and outreach to telecommunication industry and underrepresented students through seminars and diversity programs.
+With the growing importance of wireless connectivity for social and economic interaction, there have been rising demands for greater spectrum use by both primary and secondary active radios, amidst the critical requirement of quiet spectrum for scientific exploration by receiver-only passive systems. To improve the overall spectrum utilization of the wireless ecosystem, this project develops a holistic Intelligent Dynamic spEctrum Access (IDEA) framework that can substantially enhance the spectrum utilization, energy-efficiency, and coexistence capability of spectrum sharing networks. In IDEA, enabling technical innovations across multiple disciplines are synergistically developed, including neuromorphic design of energy-efficient computing hardware at the device and circuit level, and artificial intelligence for spectrum sensing and dynamic access at the network level. The spectrum and interference management in IDEA conscientiously treats the coexistence constraints imposed by passive services, in support of scientific and societal returns from remote sensing investments. The outcomes of this research are expected to broadly impact next-generation wireless networks and Internet of Things applications with high traffic demands, such as autonomous driving, smart cities and remote sensing.\\
+\\
-Short-range and local communications are extremely beneficial for spectrum and energy efficiency. The research objective of the project is to 1) design DSA-enabled HetNets to enable short-range/local spectrum access to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency, and 2) leverage neuromorphic computing architecture to efficiently solve the associated resource allocation problems with extremely high energy efficiency. To achieve the goal, the project is organized into four interconnected research thrusts. Thrust 1 focuses on spatio-temporal spectrum sensing with MIMO transceivers. Thrust 2 investigates cooperative communications and resource allocation for DSA-enabled HetNets. Thrust 3 studies neuromorphic computing based hardware design for DSA-enabled HetNets. Thrust 4 develops and evaluates the hardware-software test-bed. The proposed paradigm shift from centralized base-station-controlled approach to the decentralized approach will revolutionize the future wireless network design, where the individual users will play stronger role in spectrum access and drastically change the network topology by utilizing neuromorphic computing devices. The hardware-software co-design methodologies developed in this project can be readily applied to other related fields: computer communication networks, cyber security, and energy-harvesting communications, etc.
+The goal of this project is to develop an intelligent dynamic spectrum access framework with unprecedented spectrum utilization efficiency and agility to support spectrum coexistence. The developed IDEA network platform supports heterogeneous devices from both primary and secondary active radios as well as passive radios. Key technical innovations are developed across the network to substantially enhance system-level spectrum utilization and active-passive radio coexistence. Specifically, analog/mixed-signal spiking neural network (SNN)-based neuromorphic computing hardware is designed to provide on-board intelligence at ultra-low power for resource-constrained secondary active radios. Model-free deep reinforcement learning is integrated with wireless domain knowledge and the SNN platform to accelerate learning-based spectrum access and coexistence. Advanced spectrum monitoring techniques are developed to quickly detect and characterize various signal emitters in both active and passive services. Finally, software and hardware testbeds are developed for system level evaluation and tradeoff optimization. The IDEA framework not only empowers efficient spectrum access in highly dynamic wireless environments, but also facilitates holistic system design and optimization across devices and circuits, sensing and communications, and networking.
-</WRAP>
+###
+===== Research Breakdown =====
-==== Publication ====
+**IDEA** covers the following research components:
+  * Analog/mixed-signal neuromorphic computing hardware: SNN-aided device designs including multiplexing neural encoding, computing-in-memory, and efficient training for resource constrained secondary radios to enable on-board intelligence at ultra-low power consumption and compact design areas;
-<WRAP justify>
+  * Improving spectrum utilization and coexistence through learning: tailored integration of model-free DRL and domain knowledge of spectrum sharing network with improved sample efficiency to increase spectrum utilization in realistic scenarios, along with judiciously designed DSA actions for coexistence;
+  * Spectrum sensing through concise statistical modeling and learning: efficient spectrum sensing techniques that exploit the inherent structural information of statistics to accurately extract discriminative higher-order statistical features of various signal sources within a short sensing time;
-  * H. Song, L. Liu, S. Pudlewski, and E. Bentley, "Random Network Coding Enabled Routing in Swarm Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks", accepted to 2019 //IEEE Global Commun. Conf.// (GLOBECOM).
-  * B. Shang, L. Liu, J. Ma, and P. Fan, "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Meets Vehicle-to-Everything in Secure Communications", accepted to //IEEE Commun. Mag.//.
-  * A. Akhtar, J. Ma, R. Shafin, J. Bai, L. Li, Z. Li, and L. Liu, "Low Latency Scalable Point Cloud Communication in VANETs using V2I Communication", accepted to 2019 //IEEE Intl Conf. on Commun.// (ICC).
-  * H. Song, L. Liu, H. Chang, J. Ashdown, and Y. Yi, "Deep Q-Network Based Power Allocation Meets Reservoir Computing in Distributed Dynamic Spectrum," accepted to 2019 //IEEE Conf. on Computer Commun. Workshops// (INFOCOM WKSHPS).
-  * F. Mahmood, E. Perrins and L. Liu, "Energy-Efficient Wireless Communications: From Energy Modeling to Performance Evaluation," accepted to //IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.//, 2019.
-  * C. Sahin, L. Liu, E. Perrins, and L. Ma, "Delay-Sensitive Communications over IR-HARQ: Modulation, Coding Latency, and Reliability", Special Issue on Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications in Wireless Networks, //IEEE J. Sel. Area Commun.//, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 749 - 764, April 2019.
-  * First release of our code on Brain-Inspired Computing Meets MIMO-OFDM can be found [[https://github.com/JohnJohnZhou/ESN_MIMO_v1|here]].\\
+The following thrusts are organized to address the above mentioned research components:
+  * Thrust 1: Energy-Efficient Spiking Neural Networks Design and Optimization;
+  * Thrust 2: Accelerating Learning-based DRL to Improve Spectrum Utilization;
+  * Thrust 3: Spectrum Sensing and Interference Control for Active and Passive Radio Coexistence.
-  * H. Jiang, H. He, L. Liu and Y. Yi, "Q-Learning for Non-Cooperative Channel Access Game of Cognitive Radio Networks," 2018 //Intl Joint Conf. on Neural Netw.// (IJCNN), Rio de Janeiro, 2018, pp. 1-7.
-  * R. Atat, L. Liu, J. Wu, G. Li, C. Ye and Y. Yang, "Big Data Meet Cyber-Physical Systems: A Panoramic Survey," //IEEE Access//, vol. 6, pp. 73603-73636, 2018.
+===== Publication =====
-  * R. Atat, J. Ma, H. Chen, U. Lee, J. Ashdown and L. Liu, "Cognitive relay networks with energy and mutual-information accumulation," 2018 //IEEE Conf. on Computer Commun. Workshops// (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Honolulu, HI, April 2018, pp. 640-644.
-</WRAP>

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